Chapter 3: Processes

Concept of Processes

• A process is an instance of a program running on a computer, with its own memory space, system resources, and system state, isolated from other processes.
• It must progress in sequential fashion
• A process includes a single thread
  • Program counter
  • Stack
  • Data section

Process States:

1. New: The process is being created.
2. Running: The process is currently executing.
3. Waiting: The process is waiting for an event to occur, such as input from a user or the completion of an I/O operation.
4. Ready: The process is ready to be executed, but it's waiting for the CPU to allocate resources.
5. Terminated: The process has finished execution or been stopped by the operating system.